The German American Bund (also known as Friends of the New Germany) was an organization of ethnic Germans in the United States. The organization was pro-Nazi with an admiration for Hilter and the achievements of Nazi Germany. It also had its fair share of antisemitism and anti-communist sentiments. The German American Bund was also highly against America's entrance in the war. At the height of the organization, there were around 20,000 members. The organization published magazines, brochures, organized demonstrations, and held youth camps similar to Hitler's youth camps, as well as hosted rallies.
The most prominent rally was held at New York’s Madison Square Garden on February 20, 1939, on George Washington’s birthday. This was because members of The German American Bund believed Washington to be “America’s first Fascist.” The event was advertised as a “pro-American” rally. In the stadium, there was a 30-foot-tall banner of Washing on the stage between American Flags, and swastikas.
The rally opened with the pledge of Allegiance to the American Flag, and attendees held posters with slogans saying “stop Jewish domination of Christian America” and wore Nazi armbands
The speeches were incredibly anti-Semitic with tirades about “job-taking Jewish refugees”. One of the speakers, Gerhard Wilhelm Kunze, who was the national public relations director of the Bund, argued that white supremacy was present at American’s founding as a nation. He used examples of racism throughout American History to support his vision for a white-only America stating that “it has then always been very much American to protect the Aryan character of the nation.”
This rally, however, was the pinnacle for the German American Bund. In the same year, the leader of the organization Fritz Kuhn was indicted for embezzlement and later deported in 1945. Additionally, after the United States entered World War 2 in December 1841 the government outlawed the German American Bund and groups similar to it.
I enjoyed your explanation on the German-American Bund. I decided to look further into the origin of the group through the life of leader Fritz Kuhn. Born in Munich, Germany, Kuhn was fascinated by the quickly rising Nazi movement in the early 1920s and subscribed to their ideals. After stealing from his employer in Germany, Kuhn moved to the United States in 1928 in hopes for a fresh start.
ReplyDeleteIn Detroit, Kuhn joined the Friends of New Germany, and his fanaticism towards Hitler earned him a leadership position of the local chapter. Around the time Kuhn joined, the Nazi regime in Berlin began to view the fractured and faltering national leadership of the Friends of New Germany as a liability. As a result, Rudolf Hess, the original leader of the Friends of New Germany, withdrew his support, which allowed for Kuhn to replace the organization with something he claimed as “better” and “more efficient”: the German-American Bund. His group was different than before, as it was an organization of American Nazis instead of German Nazis operating in America.
Like you said, in 1939, Kuhn was prosecuted for embezzlement, larceny, and forgery and was eventually deported back to Germany. Without the leadership of Kuhn, the German-American Bund soon disintegrated. Kuhn died in 1951, but interestingly enough, he had become so irrelevant at that point that his death wasn’t reported in American newspapers until 1953. It’s quite impressive to think that Kuhn got around 20,000 people to join the Bund at its peak.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/German-American-Bund
https://www.thoughtco.com/german-american-bund-4684500
I forgot to include these in my original post but here are my sources:
ReplyDeletehttps://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/german-american-bund
https://www.britannica.com/topic/German-American-Bund
https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/02/20/695941323/when-nazis-took-manhattan
I found the impact of this organization on society mentioned in the article very interesting. Something particular that caught my attention was the creation of Camps by this group, many of which were targeted towards young children. These programs replicated the "Hitler Youth" programs in Germany, attempting to indoctrinate many children. One such example was Camp Will and Might, which housed 200 boys from the ages of 8-18. Many of the children would spend days doing military drilling and saluting the Nazi flag at such camps. These programs were later shut down following the arrest of Fritz Kuhn, destabilizing the Nazi program overall.
ReplyDeletehttps://www.npr.org/sections/npr-history-dept/2015/04/28/402679062/nazi-summer-camps-in-1930s-america
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ReplyDeleteYou did a really good job at highlighting how public the organization was with its rallies, speeches, and camps. Upon further research, I found that the Bund was divided into different districts around the country. Sections included eastern, western, and midwestern parts of the country. It also had its own propaganda branch, running a newspaper and selling Hitler's statement called Mein Kampf. This means of outreach was a way for the Bund to spread its Nazi messages throughout the country.
ReplyDeletehttps://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/08/23/nazi-german-american-bund-rally-madison-square-garden-215522